Effects of baking conditions on colour,texture and crumb grain characteristics of Chhana Podo

Baking, the key step in the preparation of Chhana Podo, involves simultaneous heat and mass transfer that induces physicochemical and structural changes in the product. The effects of baking conditions on colour, texture and crumb grain development in the product were evaluated. The browning index of baked Podo increased from the initial value of 15.7 to 95, 101 and 112, at baking temperatures of 120, 135 and 150 °C, respectively. Browning kinetics followed the logistic model (R² > 0.98) with an activation energy of 17.81 kJ/mol. In general, crumb grain characteristics such as mean cell area, cell density and cell‐to‐total area ratio increased with increase in baking time and temperature. Textural attributes such as hardness, chewiness and gumminess increased with baking time and temperature while springiness, cohesiveness and resilience increased up to 40 min due to the filling‐up of pores water and liquid by fat and expanding water, but decreased thereafter.     

A Preliminary Study of Chemical Solubility of Ultra-Hard Ceramic AlMgB14 in Titanium: Reconciliation of Model with Experiment

This article investigates the chemical wear behavior of the ultra-hard ceramic AlMgB₁₄ and cemented tungsten carbide for machining aerospace alloys. The chemical interdiffusivity of AlMgB₁₄ against pure Ti and Ti-6Al-4V, in comparison with cemented carbide (WC-6%Co) cutting tool was investigated by means of diffusion couple experiments. The chemical composition profiles of various tool-workpiece combinations were determined by electron probe microanalysis after exposing the couples to 1000°C for 120 h in vacuum. Thermodynamic calculations of the chemical solubility of AlMgB₁₄ show that the experimental diffusion results are in reasonable agreement with the predicted behavior. It is shown that AlMgB₁₄ is significantly less soluble in titanium under static diffusion conditions, and therefore, shows considerable promise as a potential cutting tool for machining Ti alloys.     

EEFFL: energy efficient data forwarding for forest fire detection using localization technique in wireless sensor network

Wireless Networks - Early prediction of a forest fire is one of the critical research challenges of the wireless sensor network (WSN) to save our ecosystem. In WSN based forest fire detection...     

GWO‐C: Grey wolf optimizer‐based clustering scheme for WSNs

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a prominent technology that could assist in the fourth industrial revolution. Sensor nodes present in the WSNs are functioned by a battery. It is impossible to recharge or replace the battery, hence energy is the most important resource of WSNs. Many techniques have been devised and used over the years to conserve this scarce resource of WSNs. Clustering has turned out to be one of the most efficient methods for this purpose. This paper intends to propose an efficient technique for election of cluster heads in WSNs to increase the network lifespan. For the achievement of this task, grey wolf optimizer (GWO) has been employed. In this paper, the general GWO has been modified to cater to the specific purpose of cluster head selection in WSNs. The objective function for the proposed formulation considers average intra‐cluster distance, sink distance, residual energy, and CH balancing factor. The simulations are carried out in diverse conditions. On comparison of the proposed protocol, ie, GWO‐C protocol with some well‐known clustering protocols, the obtained results prove that the proposed protocol outperforms with respect to the consumption of the energy, throughput, and the lifespan of the network. The proposed protocol forms energy‐efficient and scalable clusters.     

Low memory block tree coding for hyperspectral images

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Hyperspectral image sensors are resource constrained and have limited on-board memory. Processing of high volume hyperspectral images pose a challenge to the...     

Synthesis,characterization and luminescence studies of rare earth activated Sr<Subscript>2</Subscript>SiO<Subscript>4</Subscript> phosphor: a review

This review includes research papers on different method of preparation of rare earth activated Sr₂SiO₄ phosphors and its luminescence studies. Here in Sr₂SiO₄ has attracted great interest due to its special structure features, excellent physical and chemical stability. Besides, it absorbs ultraviolet radiation and emits white light when activated by different rare earth ions. Different synthesis techniques were compared and it is found that sol–gel synthesis technique is best for preparation of rare earth activated Sr₂SiO₄ phosphors. Literature related to characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction techniques, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and other studies are also compared. Photoluminescence studies for white light emitting diode of various rare earth phosphors are compared with Sr₂SiO₄ phosphor reported in this review. Also some luminescence techniques such as thermoluminescence glow curve analysis and some spectroscopic parameters are also compared. The review end with some important conclusion related to rare earth activated Sr₂SiO₄ phosphors with proper justifications.     

Ultrathin Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Heterojunction for Sensitive Photodetection

Thanks to their unique optical and electric properties, 2D materials have attracted a lot of interest for optoelectronic applications. Here, the emerging 2D materials, organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites with van der Waals interlayer interaction (Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites), are synthesized and characterized. Photodetectors based on the few‐layer Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite show good photoresponsivity as well as good detectivity. In order to further improve the photoresponse performance, 2D MoS₂ is chosen to construct the perovskite–MoS₂ heterojunction. The performance of the hybrid photodetector is largely improved with 6 and 2 orders of magnitude enhancement for photoresponsivity (10⁴ A W^?1) and detectivity (4 × 10¹⁰ Jones), respectively, which demonstrates the facile charge separation at the interface between perovskite and MoS₂. Furthermore, the contribution of back gate tuning is proved with a greatly reduced dark current. The results demonstrated here will open up a new field for the investigation of 2D perovskites for optoelectronic applications.     

Hybrid Metamodel—NSGA-III—EDAS Based Optimal Design of Thin Film Coatings

In this work, diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin film coatings are deposited on silicon substrates by using plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) technique. By varying the hydrogen (H₂) flow rate, CH₄−Argon (Ar) flow rate and deposition temperature (T_d) as per a Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD), 15 DLC deposition experiments are carried out. The Young’s modulus (E) and the coefficient of friction (COF) for the DLCs are measured. By using a second-order polynomial regression approach, two metamodels are built for E and COF, that establish them as functions of H₂ flow rate, CH₄-Ar flow rate and T_d. A non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-III) is used to obtain a set of Pareto solutions for the multi-objective optimization of E maximization and COF minimization. According to various practical scenarios, evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS) approach is used to identify the most feasible solutions out of the Pareto solution set. Confirmation experiments are conducted which shows the efficacy of the polynomial regression—NSGA-III—EDAS hybrid approach. The surface morphology of the DLCs deposited as per the optimal predictions is also studied by using atomic force microscopy.     

Correction to: Superconducting Transport Properties of NiFe Artificial Spin Ice and Nb Hybrid Structure

Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism -     

Low-Temperature High-Pressure Consolidation of Amorphous Al2O3–15 mol% Y2O3

This study examined pressure consolidation of amorphous Al₂O₃–15 mol% Y₂O₃ powders prepared by co-precipitation and spray pyrolysis. The two amorphous powders had similar true densities and crystallization sequences. Uniaxial hot pressing was carried out at 450°–600°C with a moderate pressure of 750 MPa. The co-precipitated powder could be hot pressed to a maximum relative density of 98% and remained amorphous. Pressure adversely affected the densification of the spray-pyrolyzed powder by favoring an early crystallization of γ-Al₂O₃ phase at 580°C. Plastic deformation of the amorphous phase is believed to be responsible for the large densification of the amorphous powders.